This research is motivated by the low ability to write observation report texts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Setia Janji. This problem is caused by the lack of variety of learning models used by teachers and the minimal use of digital-based learning media that can increase students' interest, motivation and creativity in writing LHO Texts. This study aims to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning model assisted by Multimedia Add Text on the ability to write observation report texts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Setia Janji. The theoretical basis of this research includes the concept of the Discovery Learning model that emphasizes the process of independent knowledge discovery by students and the use of Multimedia Add Text as a medium in writing observation report texts in the learning process and student worksheets. This study uses a quantitative experimental method with a Posttest Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 62 students consisting of 31 students in the control class and 31 students in the experimental class who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data collection technique was carried out through a test of the skills to write observation report texts. The results showed that the average value of the ability to write observation report texts in the experimental class was 86.29, while in the control class it was 74.03. The results of hypothesis testing using the t-test obtained a value of tₕᵢₜᵤₙg = 12.26, while tₜₐbₑₗ = 1.67 at a significance level of 5% and 2.39 at a significance level of 1%. Because tₕᵢₜᵤₙg > tₜₐbₑₗ (12.26 > 1.67), the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the hypothesis (Ho) is accepted. It can be concluded that the Discovery Learning model assisted by Multimedia Add Text has a significant effect on the ability to write observation report texts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Setia Janji in the 2025/2026 academic year.

Nutritional status is an important indicator for assessing the growth and development of toddlers. Posyandu Desa Simpang Dolok has anthropometric data of toddlers, including age, weight, height, and head circumference; however, the data has not been optimally utilized to identify patterns in nutritional status grouping. This study aims to implement the K-Means Clustering algorithm to classify the nutritional status of toddlers, design a web-based application for the classification process, and determine the resulting clusters. The study used 200 toddler records, which were normalized using the Min-Max Normalization method before the clustering process. The system was developed using PHP and MySQL. The results showed that the K-Means algorithm successfully grouped the data into three clusters: 58 toddlers (29%) in the undernutrition cluster, 85 toddlers (43%) in the normal nutrition cluster, and 57 toddlers (28%) in the overnutrition cluster. In addition, the developed application was able to assist Posyandu officers in processing data and obtaining information on toddlers’ nutritional status more quickly, effectively, and systematically. Therefore, the implementation of the K-Means algorithm can be used as an alternative approach to support the monitoring of toddlers’ nutritional status at Posyandu Desa Simpang Dolok.  

The purpose of this study was to assess the students’ ability to analyze interpersonal meaning through the Mood System in English text. The study used a qualitative descriptive design. The participants of this study were 20 students of English Education Study Programmed of Universitas Asahan who had acquired Systemic Functional Linguistics especially in interpersonal meaning and analysis of Mood System. The data were acquired by means of a written test in which students were asked to analyze five clauses selected from English texts. The analysis was in four parts: identifying Subject, identifying Finite, finding forms of Mood and distinguishing Mood and Residue structures. Data were analyzed descriptively by data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. The findings showed that the students performed well to exceptional in analyzing interpersonal meaning through the Mood System. The students scored 86% in identifying Subject, 84% in identifying Finite, 100% in identifying Mood kinds and 88% in differentiating Mood and Residue structures. The findings also showed that the most challenging thing that students found to recognized was Finite since many students got confused with Finite and Predicator in verbal groups. In conclusion, the results suggest that the students were able to comprehend the communicative roles that are expressed by Mood structures in English clauses. The present study reveals the effectiveness of Mood System analysis in assisting students to comprehend interpersonal meaning and enhance their discourse analysis competency in English language acquisition

This study aims to analyze and classify student graduation based on academic data using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method with the Perceptron algorithm. The background of this research is the low rate of on-time student graduation caused by differences in students’ academic achievements during their studies. The academic data used in this research include Grade Point Average (GPA), total passed credits, and total failed credits. The study was conducted using data from Informatics Engineering students of Universitas Asahan class of 2021.The research method used is a quantitative method with stages including data preprocessing, classification target determination, weight initialization, perceptron training process, activation function calculation, error evaluation, and weight updating until convergence is achieved. The dataset was divided into training data and testing data to evaluate the model’s ability to classify student graduation into two categories, namely on-time graduation and delayed graduation. The system was developed using the PHP programming language and MySQL database and designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML).The results of this study indicate that the Artificial Neural Network method with the Perceptron algorithm is capable of classifying student graduation based on academic data effectively. The perceptron model is able to recognize the relationship patterns between GPA, passed credits, and failed credits variables toward student graduation status. The developed system can also assist the study program in academic evaluation and decision-making processes related to improving the quality of student graduation.

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of failover load balancing on a sensor-based and visual river monitoring web server using the Round Robin and Least Connection algorithms. The system is designed to distribute user requests across multiple backend servers to ensure the service remains stable, responsive, and available in real time. River monitoring data is obtained from sensors and visual cameras and then presented through a web service. Testing was conducted by comparing the performance of the two algorithms based on response time, throughput, availability, downtime, and failover recovery time. The results show that Round Robin is able to distribute requests evenly but is less adaptive to changes in server load. Least Connection provides better performance because it directs requests to the server with the fewest active connections. The failover mechanism also successfully maintains service continuity when one of the servers experiences a failure. Therefore, Least Connection is recommended for river monitoring systems that require high availability and low response time. Keywords: load balancing, failover, Round Robin, Least Connection, web server, river monitoring. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan load balancing failover pada server web pemantauan sungai berbasis sensor dan visual menggunakan algoritma Round Robin dan Least Connection. Sistem dirancang untuk mendistribusikan request pengguna ke beberapa server backend agar layanan tetap stabil, responsif, dan tersedia secara real-time. Data pemantauan sungai diperoleh dari sensor dan kamera visual, kemudian disajikan melalui layanan web. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan kinerja kedua algoritma berdasarkan response time, throughput, availability, downtime, dan failover recovery time. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Round Robin mampu membagi request secara merata, tetapi kurang adaptif terhadap perubahan beban server. Least Connection menghasilkan kinerja lebih baik karena mengarahkan request ke server dengan jumlah koneksi aktif paling sedikit. Mekanisme failover juga berhasil menjaga layanan tetap berjalan ketika salah satu server mengalami gangguan. Dengan demikian, Least Connection lebih direkomendasikan untuk sistem pemantauan sungai yang membutuhkan availability tinggi dan response time rendah. Kata kunci: load balancing, failover, Round Robin, Least Connection, server web, pemantauan sungai.

Abstract: The conventional and manual personnel budget execution reporting (Laplakgar) architecture in public defense management is highly susceptible to prolonged processing cycles and recurring data reconciliation anomalies. This study aims to develop, model, and technically articulate an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven integrated information system architecture—conceptualized as the SIAPGAR application model—to automate hierarchical data aggregation and enforce real-time, layered data verification at Military Institution X. A Research and Development (R&D) methodology utilizing a system prototyping approach was applied in this study. The system's logical and data boundaries were systematically mapped through structural Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) at the Context Level (Level 0) and Functional Level (Level 1). Structural success parameters and data integrity were evaluated based on the System Quality and Information Quality dimensions derived from the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model, and validated through technical expert judgment involving database administrators and financial software operators. The architectural engineering of the SIAPGAR model successfully automates three error-prone manual data processing bottlenecks. The functional DFD model demonstrates that the integrated AI validation layer operates as an automated gatekeeper, systematically identifying data variances between allocated budgets and actual personnel expenditures before cross-level aggregation occurs. This automated algorithmic intervention results in a projected 129% increase in workflow efficiency and effectively reduces human-caused data discrepancies to near zero. This study presents an empirical blueprint for an AI-integrated public finance system architecture. The development of SIAPGAR demonstrates that automated operational verification at the lower level successfully feeds accurate data into a real-time analytical dashboard essential for strategic defense decision-making. Keywords: Information systems, Data Flow Diagrams, Artificial Intelligence, SIAPGAR, Budget Execution.   Abstrak: Arsitektur pelaporan pelaksanaan anggaran (Laplakgar) personel yang konvensional dan manual dalam manajemen pertahanan publik sangat rentan terhadap siklus pemrosesan yang berkepanjangan dan anomali rekonsiliasi data yang berulang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan, memodelkan, dan mengartikulasikan secara teknis arsitektur sistem informasi terintegrasi yang digerakkan oleh Kecerdasan Buatan (AI)—dikonseptualisasikan sebagai model aplikasi SIAPGAR—untuk mengotomatisasi agregasi data hierarkis dan menegakkan verifikasi data berlapis secara real-time di Institusi Militer X. Metodologi Research and Development (R&D) yang memanfaatkan pendekatan prototyping sistem diterapkan dalam penelitian ini. Batasan logis dan data sistem dipetakan secara sistematis melalui Data Flow Diagram (DFD) struktural pada Tingkat Konteks (Level 0) dan Tingkat Fungsional (Level 1). Parameter keberhasilan struktural dan integritas data dievaluasi berdasarkan dimensi Kualitas Sistem dan Kualitas Informasi yang diturunkan dari DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model, serta divalidasi melalui penilaian ahli (expert judgment) teknis yang melibatkan administrator pangkalan data dan operator perangkat lunak keuangan. Rekayasa arsitektur dari model SIAPGAR berhasil mengotomatisasi tiga hambatan pemrosesan data manual yang rentan terhadap kesalahan. Model DFD fungsional mendemonstrasikan bahwa lapisan validasi AI yang terintegrasi beroperasi sebagai penjaga gerbang (gatekeeper) otomatis, secara sistematis mengidentifikasi varians data antara pagu keuangan yang dialokasikan dengan pengeluaran personel aktual sebelum agregasi lintas tingkat terjadi. Intervensi algoritmik otomatis ini menghasilkan proyeksi peningkatan efisiensi alur kerja sebesar 129% dan secara efektif menekan perbedaan data akibat faktor manusia hingga mendekati nol. Studi ini menyajikan cetak biru empiris untuk arsitektur sistem keuangan publik yang diintegrasikan dengan AI. Pengembangan SIAPGAR membuktikan bahwa verifikasi operasional otomatis pada tingkat bawah berhasil memasok data yang akurat ke dalam dasbor analitik real-time yang esensial untuk pengambilan keputusan pertahanan yang strategis. Kata Kunci: Sistem informasi, Data Flow Diagram, Kecerdasan Buatan, SIAPGAR, Pelaksanaan anggaran.

Abstract: This study aims to develop and determine the feasibility and effectiveness of Inquiry Learning-based LKPD in improving students’ economic analysis skills on inflation material. The method used was Research and Development with the ADDIE model. The subjects were eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Beringin. The results showed that the developed LKPD was feasible based on expert validation with an average score of 78.3%. The instrument was also reliable with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.873. In addition, the N-Gain test indicated an improvement in students’ economic analysis skills after using the LKPD. Therefore, the Inquiry Learning-based LKPD is effective in improving students’ analytical skills on inflation material. Keywords: LKPD, Inquiry Learning, analytical skills, inflation   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengetahui kelayakan serta efektivitas LKPD berbasis Inquiry Learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan analisis ekonomi siswa pada materi inflasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development dengan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Beringin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak berdasarkan validasi ahli dengan rata-rata 78,3%. Instrumen penelitian juga reliabel dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,873. Selain itu, hasil uji N-Gain menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan analisis ekonomi siswa setelah menggunakan LKPD berbasis Inquiry Learning. Dengan demikian, LKPD berbasis Inquiry Learning efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan analisis ekonomi siswa pada materi inflasi. Kata kunci: LKPD, Inquiry Learning, kemampuan analisis, inflasi

Abstract: This study aimed to develop a Wordwall-based learning evaluation medium for monetary and fiscal policy materials and to determine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students' learning outcomes. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model, consisting of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects included material experts, media experts, instructional design experts, and eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Beringin. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and learning achievement tests. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results showed that the Wordwall-based evaluation media achieved an average feasibility score of 79.73%, categorized as feasible. The practicality test results reached 94.17% in individual trials, 96.39% in small-group trials, and 97.25% in field trials, all categorized as very practical. The effectiveness results indicated an improvement in students' learning outcomes, as reflected by the increase in the experimental class mean score from 74.14 in the pre-test to 88.14 in the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.71 categorized as high. Therefore, the Wordwall-based learning evaluation media is considered feasible, highly practical, and effective for use as an evaluation tool in monetary and fiscal policy learning. Keywords: Wordwall, evaluation media, learning outcomes, 4D Model   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media evaluasi pembelajaran berbasis website Wordwall pada materi kebijakan moneter dan fiskal serta mengetahui tingkat kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan 4D yang meliputi tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas ahli materi, ahli media, ahli desain pembelajaran, serta siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Beringin. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes hasil belajar. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media evaluasi berbasis Wordwall memperoleh rata-rata persentase kelayakan sebesar 79,73% dengan kategori layak. Tingkat kepraktisan media memperoleh persentase sebesar 94,17% pada uji perorangan, 96,39% pada uji kelompok kecil, dan 97,25% pada uji lapangan dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil efektivitas menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa, yang ditunjukkan oleh rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen dari 74,14 pada pre-test menjadi 88,14 pada post-test, dengan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,71 pada kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian, media evaluasi pembelajaran berbasis website Wordwall dinyatakan layak, sangat praktis, dan efektif digunakan sebagai media evaluasi pada materi kebijakan moneter dan fiskal. Kata kunci: Wordwall, media evaluai, hasil belajar, model 4D

Abstract: English language training for elementary school students is one way to improve basic communication skills in a foreign language from an early age. This study was conducted to explore the role-play method in teaching English to elementary school students, which aims to create an interactive, enjoyable, and student centred learning environment. Through this method, students are given the opportunity to act out various simple situations frequently encountered in everyday life, such as introducing oneself, greeting, asking and giving information, and shopping conversations. The training was carried out in stages through the provision of vocabulary, example dialogues, group exercises, and role-playing in front of the class. The training results showed that the role-play method was able to increase students' confidence in speaking English, enrich vocabulary mastery, and improve pronunciation and understanding of the context of language use. In addition, students showed high enthusiasm and participation throughout the activity. Thus, the role-play method can be an effective learning alternative to support the development of English language skills in elementary school students. Keywords: English language training, elementary school, role play   Abstrak: Pelatihan bahasa Inggris bagi siswa sekolah dasar merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi dasar dalam bahasa asing sejak usia dini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengksplorasi metode role play dalam mengajar bahasa Inggris bagi siswa sekolah dasar yang bertujuan menciptakan suasana belajar yang interaktif, menyenangkan, dan berpusat pada siswa. Melalui metode ini, siswa diberikan kesempatan untuk memerankan berbagai situasi sederhana yang sering ditemui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seperti introducing oneself, greeting, asking and giving information, dan shopping conversation. Pelatihan dilaksanakan secara bertahap melalui pemberian kosakata, contoh dialog, latihan kelompok, dan penampilan peran di depan kelas. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa metode role play mampu meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris, memperkaya penguasaan kosakata, serta meningkatkan kemampuan pelafalan dan pemahaman konteks penggunaan bahasa. Selain itu, siswa menunjukkan antusiasme dan partisipasi yang tinggi selama kegiatan berlangsung. Dengan demikian, metode role play dapat menjadi alternatif pembelajaran yang efektif untuk mendukung pengembangan keterampilan berbahasa Inggris pada siswa sekolah dasar. Kata kunci: pelatihan bahasa Inggris, sekolah dasar, role play.

Abstract: The increase in economic activity and population mobility in Tanjung Tiram City has resulted in an increase in vehicle volume that is disproportionate to the availability of parking spaces. This situation has led to widespread on-street parking on Jalan Nelayan, a major seafood trading hub. This study aims to analyze the impact of parking activity on road performance and formulate appropriate control alternatives. The research method used a descriptive quantitative approach through six-day field observations (Monday–Saturday) from 7:00–18:00 WIB (Western Indonesian Time) on a 100-meter segment. Parameters analyzed included parking volume, accumulation, and duration for light vehicles and motorcycles. The results showed the highest parking volume for light vehicles occurred on Friday, with 148 units, while for motorcycles on Wednesday, there were 3,433 units. The maximum accumulation occurred on Friday, with 60 light vehicles and 1,560 motorcycles. The average parking duration for light vehicles was 1.5 hours and for motorcycles 0.5 hours. Parking activity increases side barriers, reduces the effective road width, and reduces the level of service. Recommendations include providing off-street parking and limiting parking during peak hours. Keywords: Parking Accumulation, Parking Duration, Nelayan Street,Road Performance, On-street Parking   Abstrak: Peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi dan mobilitas penduduk di Kota Tanjung Tiram berdampak pada meningkatnya volume kendaraan yang tidak sebanding dengan ketersediaan lahan parkir. Kondisi  ini memicu maraknya parkir pada badan jalan (on-street parking) di ruas Jalan Nelayan yang merupakan pusat perdagangan hasil laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak aktivitas parkir terhadap kinerja ruas jalan serta merumuskan alternatif pengendalian yang tepat. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif melalui observasi lapangan selama 6 hari (Senin–Sabtu) pukul 07.00–18.00 WIB pada segmen sepanjang 100 meter. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi volume, akumulasi, dan durasi parkir untuk kendaraan ringan dan sepeda motor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan volume parkir tertinggi kendaraan ringan terjadi pada hari Jumat sebanyak 148 unit, sedangkan sepeda motor pada hari Rabu sebanyak 3433  unit. Akumulasi maksimum terjadi pada hari Jumat dengan 60 kendaraan ringan dan 1560 sepeda motor. Rata-rata durasi parkir kendaraan ringan adalah 1,5 jam dan sepeda motor 0,5 jam. Aktivitas parkir menyebabkan peningkatan hambatan samping, penurunan lebar efektif jalan, serta menurunkan tingkat pelayanan jalan. Rekomendasi meliputi penyediaan parkir off-street dan pembatasan parkir pada jam puncak. Kata kunci: Akumulasi Parkir, Durasi Parkir, Jalan Nelayan Kinerja Jalan, Parkir badan jalan

Abstract: The Angken philosophy is an important part of Lampung's traditional society, governing the relationship between individuals and society. However, the implementation of the Angken philosophy in a modern context often faces challenges, particularly in integrating the principles of Islamic law and local wisdom. This study aims to analyze the Angken philosophy within the Lampung traditional community in Kotabumi from the perspective of Islamic law and local wisdom. The research methods used were literature review and interviews with traditional leaders and members of the Lampung traditional community. The results indicate that the Angken philosophy can be integrated with the principles of Islamic law and local wisdom, and plays a significant role in maintaining harmony and balance within Lampung's traditional society. This study concludes that the integration of the Angken philosophy with Islamic law and local wisdom can serve as a model for other traditional communities in managing relationships between individuals and society. The contribution of this research is the development of a conceptual integration of the Angken philosophy with Islamic law and local wisdom, which can be a novelty in the field of Islamic law and local wisdom studies. Keywords: Angken, Lampung Customs, Islamic Law, Local Wisdom.   Abstrak: Filosofi Angken merupakan bagian penting dalam masyarakat adat Lampung yang mengatur hubungan antara individu dan masyarakat. Namun, implementasi filosofi Angken dalam konteks modern seringkali menghadapi tantangan, terutama dalam mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis filosofi Angken pada masyarakat adat Lampung di Kotabumi dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan wawancara dengan pemuka adat dan masyarakat adat Lampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filosofi Angken dapat diintegrasikan dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal, dan memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keharmonisan dan keseimbangan masyarakat adat Lampung. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi filosofi Angken dengan hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal dapat menjadi model bagi masyarakat adat lainnya dalam mengelola hubungan antara individu dan masyarakat. Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah pengembangan konsep integrasi filosofi Angken dengan hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal, yang dapat menjadi novelty dalam bidang studi hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal. Kata Kunci: Angken, Adat Lampung, hukum Islam, Kearifan lokal.

Abstract: Every organization relies heavily on its human capital to drive operational success. To optimize human resources, maintaining effective organizational communication and a conducive work environment is essential for elevating employee work performance. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of communication and work environment on employee performance at PT. X on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Employing a quantitative approach, this research utilized both primary data gathered via structured Likert-scale questionnaires and relevant secondary data. The study involved a population of 40 individuals, all of whom were selected as respondents using a saturated sampling (census) technique. Data analysis was executed using multiple linear regression. The simultaneous statistical analysis reveals that communication and work environment collectively exert a significant effect on employee performance. Conversely, the partial analysis yields contrasting results: the communication variable demonstrates a significant positive influence on work performance, whereas the work environment shows no statistically significant impact on employee performance at PT. X. These findings suggest that while physical or environmental factors are present, interpersonal and clear organizational communication remains the primary driver of workforce productivity within this specific corporate environment. Keywords: Communication, Employee Performance, Work Environment.   Abstrak: Setiap organisasi sangat bergantung pada modal manusia untuk menggerakkan keberhasilan operasionalnya. Guna mengoptimalkan sumber daya manusia tersebut, pemeliharaan komunikasi organisasi yang efektif dan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif menjadi aspek esensial untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial dari komunikasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. X di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif, penelitian ini menghimpun data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner terstruktur berbasis skala Likert, serta didukung oleh data sekunder yang relevan. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang, di mana seluruh anggota populasi tersebut dijadikan responden dengan menerapkan teknik sampling jenuh (sensus). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam menguji hipotesis adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa variabel komunikasi dan lingkungan kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Namun, hasil pengujian secara parsial menunjukkan temuan yang berbeda: variabel komunikasi terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, sementara variabel lingkungan kerja tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. X. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal yang jelas menjadi penggerak utama produktivitas kerja dibandingkan faktor lingkungan fisik.. Kata kunci: Kinerja Karyawan, Komunikasi, Lingkungan Kerja.

Abstract: This study was conducted at a company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, aiming to determine and analyze the effects of Job Satisfaction and Career Development on Employee Performance. Adopting a quantitative research design with a causal-associative approach, this study involved a total population of 32 employees, all of whom were selected as respondents using a saturated sampling (census) technique. Primary data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires, supplemented by documentation studies. The statistical method employed to test the hypotheses was multiple linear regression analysis. The simultaneous analysis reveals that Job Satisfaction and Career Development collectively exert a positive and significant effect on the Employee Performance of PT. X. Conversely, the partial analysis indicates that only Career Development demonstrates a statistically positive and significant influence on work productivity. Furthermore, the Adjusted R Square value of 0.265 implies that the combination of satisfaction and career development explains 26.5% of the variance in employee performance. The remaining 73.5% is driven by other organizational variables omitted from this model, such as work commitment, employee motivation, and job achievements. Keywords: Career Development, Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada salah satu perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Pengembangan Karier terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif, studi ini menetapkan seluruh populasi pegawai yang berjumlah 32 orang sebagai sampel melalui teknik sampling jenuh (sensus). Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, didukung oleh studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam menguji hipotesis adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil pengujian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa Kepuasan Kerja dan Pengembangan Karier berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. X. Namun, secara parsial, hanya variabel Pengembangan Karier yang terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap performa kerja pegawai. Nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar 0,265 mengindikasikan bahwa kontribusi kepuasan dan pengembangan karier dalam menjelaskan variabilitas kinerja karyawan adalah sebesar 26,5%. Sementara itu, sisa persentase sebesar 73,5% dikondisikan oleh variabel lain di luar model penelitian ini, seperti komitmen organisasi, motivasi kerja, dan prestasi kerja staf. Kata kunci: Kepuasan Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan, Pengembangan Karier.

Abstract: Child developmental disorders are conditions that may affect children's cognitive, behavioral, social, and communication abilities. Early identification of developmental disorders is essential to ensure timely intervention and appropriate treatment. However, the classification of developmental disorders remains challenging due to the similarities of symptoms among different disorders. Therefore, this study aims to implement the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for the classification of child developmental disorders, specifically ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome. This study employed a quantitative approach using a dataset consisting of 1,786 records with nine predictor attributes related to developmental symptoms. Data preprocessing was performed through missing value handling using the Most Frequent Imputation method and label encoding. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets using an 80:20 ratio. The SVM model was developed using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel and evaluated using a confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed SVM model achieved an accuracy of 98.88%. The classification report showed high performance across all classes, with precision, recall, and F1-score values reaching 0.99 on average. Confusion matrix analysis indicated only four misclassified instances out of 358 testing samples, while the Down Syndrome class achieved perfect classification performance. The findings indicate that the SVM algorithm is highly effective for classifying child developmental disorders and has the potential to support early identification and decision-making processes in child healthcare. The proposed model can serve as a reliable decision-support tool for healthcare professionals and parents in detecting developmental disorders based on observed symptoms. Keywords: SVM, Machine Learning, Developmental Disorders, ADHD, Autism, Down Syndrome, Classification. Abstrak: Gangguan perkembangan anak merupakan kondisi yang dapat memengaruhi kemampuan kognitif, perilaku, sosial, dan komunikasi anak. Identifikasi dini terhadap gangguan perkembangan sangat penting untuk memastikan intervensi yang tepat waktu dan penanganan yang sesuai. Namun, klasifikasi gangguan perkembangan masih menjadi tantangan karena adanya kemiripan gejala di antara berbagai jenis gangguan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM) dalam klasifikasi gangguan perkembangan anak, khususnya Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), dan Down Syndrome. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan dataset yang terdiri dari 1.786 data dan sembilan atribut prediktor yang berkaitan dengan gejala perkembangan anak. Tahap prapemrosesan data dilakukan melalui penanganan nilai yang hilang menggunakan metode Most Frequent Imputation serta proses label encoding. Dataset kemudian dibagi menjadi data pelatihan dan data pengujian dengan rasio 80:20. Model SVM dikembangkan menggunakan kernel Radial Basis Function (RBF) dan dievaluasi menggunakan confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, serta F1-score. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa model SVM yang diusulkan mampu mencapai tingkat akurasi sebesar 98,88%. Laporan klasifikasi memperlihatkan kinerja yang sangat baik pada seluruh kelas dengan nilai rata-rata precision, recall, dan F1-score mencapai 0,99. Analisis confusion matrix menunjukkan hanya terdapat empat kesalahan klasifikasi dari total 358 data pengujian, sementara kelas Down Syndrome berhasil diklasifikasikan secara sempurna tanpa kesalahan. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma SVM sangat efektif untuk mengklasifikasikan gangguan perkembangan anak dan memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung proses identifikasi dini serta pengambilan keputusan di bidang kesehatan anak. Model yang diusulkan dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu pengambilan keputusan yang andal bagi tenaga kesehatan maupun orang tua dalam mendeteksi gangguan perkembangan anak berdasarkan gejala yang diamati. Kata Kunci: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Machine Learning, Gangguan Perkembangan Anak, ADHD, Autisme, Down Syndrome, Klasifikasi.

Abstract: The problem addressed in this study is the low level of students learning motivation and economics learning outcomes, as indicated by the lack of active student participation in the learning process and the suboptimal achievement of learning outcames. One effort that can be made to address this issue is the implementation of the TGT learning model, which incorporates group collaboration, academic games, and competition to enhance student engagement in the learning process. This study aimed to determine the effect of the TGT learning model on the learning motivation and economics learning outcomes of eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Medan, both partially and simultaneously. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research design. The population consisted of all eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Medan in the 2025/2026 academic year. The sample comprised Class XI-8 as the control group and Class XI-9 as the experimental group, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through learning motivation observation sheets and learning achievement tests. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, Independent Samples t-Tests, N-Gain tests, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results showed tat the average learning motivation score of the experimental class increased from 29,53 on the pretest to 37,83 on the posttest, while the control class increased from 29,28 to 33,50. The result of the Independent Sample t-Test indicated that the TGT learning model had a significant effect on student learning motivation with a significance value of 0,000 < 0,05 and a t-value of -6,771. Furthermore, the TGT learning model also had a significant effect on students economics learning outcomes with a significance value of 0,000 < 0,05 and a t-value of -9,349. The N-Gain test results showed that the experimental group achieved an average N-Gain score of 63.31% (moderate category), while the control group achieved an average N-Gain score of 23.58% (low category). Furthermore, the MANOVA test results indicated a Wilks’ Lambda significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and an F-value of 72.070, meaning that the TGT learning model simultaneously affected students’ learning motivation and economics learning outcomes. Keywords: Team Games Tournament (TGT) Learning Model, Learning Motivation, Economics Learning Outcomes.   Abstrak: Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar ekonomi siswa yang ditunjukkan melalui kurangnya partisipasi aktif siswa dalam proses pembelajaran serta pencapaian hasil belajar yang belum optimal. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran TGT yang melibatkan aktivitas kerja sama kelompok, permaianan akademik, dan kompetisi yang dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran TGT terhadap motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Medan, baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Medan Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas kelas XI-8 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas XI-9 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui lembar observasi motivasi belajar dan tes hasil belajar. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji Independent Sample t-Test, uji N-Gain dan uji Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor motivasi belajar kelas eksperimen meningkat dari 29,53 pada pretest menjadi 37,83 pada posttest, sedangkan kelas kontrol meningkat dari 29,28 menjadi 33,50. Hasil uji Independent Sample t-Test menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan nilai thitung sebesar -6,771. Selain itu, model pembelajaran TGT juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan nilai thitung sebesar -9,349. Hasil uji N-Gain menunjukkan bahwa kelas eksperimen memperoleh rata-rata N-Gain sebesar 63,31% (kategori sedang) sedangkan kelas kontrol memperoleh rata-rata N-Gain sebesar 23,58% (kategori rendah). Selain itu, hasil uji MANOVA menunjukkan nilai Wilks’ Lambda dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan nilai F sebesar 72,070 yang berarti model pembelajaran TGT berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar ekonomi siswa. Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT), Motivasi Belajar dan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning motivation and learning discipline on student learning outcomes in the subject of economics for class X of SMA Negeri 13 Medan. The population in this study were all students of class X of SMA Negeri 13 Medan, totaling 429 students. The research sample consisted of 207 students determined using proportional random sampling technique. The results of the study showed that: (1) learning motivation had a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes as indicated by the t-value of 14.529 > t-table of 1.972 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05; (2) learning discipline had a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes as indicated by the t-value of 12.370 > t-table of 1.972 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05; and (3) learning motivation and learning discipline simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes as indicated by the calculated Fvalue of 254.333 > Ftable of 3.04 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.714 indicates that 71.4% of the variation in student learning outcomes can be explained by learning motivation and learning discipline, while the remaining 28.6% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that learning motivation and learning discipline have a positive and significant effect both partially and simultaneously on student learning outcomes in the subject of Economics for class X of SMA Negeri 13 Medan. Keywords: learning motivation; learning discipline; learning outcomes   Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran ekonomi kelas X SMA Negeri 13 Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 13 Medan yang berjumlah 429 siswa. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 207 siswa yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) motivasi belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai thitung sebesar 14,529 > ttabel sebesar 1,972 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05; (2) disiplin belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai thitung sebesar 12,370 > ttabel sebesar 1,972 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05; dan (3) motivasi belajar dan disiplin belajar secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 254,333 > Ftabel  sebesar 3,04 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,714 menunjukkan bahwa 71,4% variasi hasil belajar siswa dapat dijelaskan oleh motivasi belajar dan disiplin belajar, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 28,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi belajar dan disiplin belajar memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Ekonomi kelas X SMA Negeri 13 Medan. Kata kunci: motivasi belajar; disiplin belajar; hasil belajar

Abstract: Fashion consumption behavior among adolescents tends to increase along with developments in fashion trends and the influence of the social environment. This condition indicates that consumption decisions are not only based on needs but are also influenced by lifestyle and friendship groups. This study aims to determine the influence of hedonistic lifestyle and peer conformity on fashion consumption behavior of students at SMA Negeri 3 Medan, both partially and simultaneously. This study used a quantitative approach with a causal associative method. The study population was 288 eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Medan taking Economics. The study sample of 167 students was determined using stratified random sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. Data analysis used multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficients of determination using SPSS. The results of the study indicate that a hedonistic lifestyle and peer conformity have a positive and significant influence on students' fashion consumption behavior, both partially and simultaneously. The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.547 indicates that 54.7% of the variation in students' fashion consumption behavior can be explained by these two variables, while 45.3% is influenced by other factors outside the study. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to improve financial literacy and understanding of rational consumption so that students can make wiser consumption decisions. Keywords: Hedonistic Lifestyle, Peer Conformity, Fashion Consumption Behavior.   Abstrak: Perilaku konsumsi fashion di kalangan remaja cenderung meningkat seiring perkembangan tren fashion dan pengaruh lingkungan sosial. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa keputusan konsumsi tidak hanya didasarkan pada kebutuhan, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh gaya hidup dan kelompok pertemanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya hidup hedonisme dan konformitas teman sebaya terhadap perilaku konsumsi fashion siswa SMA Negeri 3 Medan baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode asosiatif kausal. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 288 siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Medan yang mengambil mata pelajaran Ekonomi. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 167 siswa ditentukan menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan  melalui penyebaran angket. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya hidup hedonisme dan konformitas teman sebaya berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku konsumsi fashion siswa baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,547 menunjukkan bahwa 54,7% variasi perilaku konsumsi fashion siswa dapat dijelaskan oleh kedua variabel tersebut, sedangkan 45,3% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperlukan peningkatan literasi keuangan dan pemahaman mengenai konsumsi rasional agar siswa mampu mengambil keputusan konsumsi yang lebih bijak. Kata kunci: Gaya Hidup Hedonisme, Konformitas Teman Sebaya, Perilaku Konsumsi Fashion.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the influence of financial inclusion and access to digital technology on the financial management of Economics Education students at Medan State University. This study employed a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 132 Economics Education students from the 2022 and 2023 cohorts using total sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed that financial inclusion had a positive and significant effect on student financial management (p = 0.000 < 0.05). Access to digital technology also had a positive and significant effect on student financial management (p = 0.002 < 0.05). Simultaneously, financial inclusion and access to digital technology had a positive and significant effect on student financial management (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.268, indicating that financial inclusion and access to digital technology explained 26.8% of the variation in student financial management, while the remaining 73.2% was explained by other factors. Keywords: financial inclusion; digital technology access; financial management Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inklusi keuangan dan akses teknologi digital terhadap pengelolaan keuangan mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain ex post facto. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 132 mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi angkatan 2022 dan 2023 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda melalui bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inklusi keuangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan mahasiswa (p = 0,000 < 0,05). Akses teknologi digital juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan mahasiswa (p = 0,002 < 0,05). Secara simultan, inklusi keuangan dan akses teknologi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan mahasiswa (p = 0,000 < 0,05). Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,268 menunjukkan bahwa inklusi keuangan dan akses teknologi digital mampu menjelaskan 26,8% variasi pengelolaan keuangan mahasiswa, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 73,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian. Kata kunci: inklusi keuangan; akses teknologi digital; pengelolaan keuangan

 Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of using TikTok videos as a learning medium for economics, specifically on inflation material, on the learning outcomes of eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The background of this study is based on the low student learning outcomes in economics and the limited variety of learning media used by teachers in the teaching process. TikTok was chosen because it is closely related to students’ daily lives and has the potential to become an engaging, interactive, and easily accessible learning medium.This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a Post-Test Only Control Group Design. The population consisted of all eleventh-grade students, with samples taken from class XI F as the experimental class and XI H as the control class, each consisting of 31 students. Data were collected through pretests and posttests. The instruments were tested for validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discriminatory power. Data analysis included normality, homogeneity, Independent Sample t-test, and N-Gain.The results showed that TikTok had a positive and significant effect on students’ learning outcomes, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and an N-Gain of 58.88%, categorized as quite effective. Keywords: Learning media, TikTok, learning outcomes, economics, inflation Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan media sosial video TikTok sebagai media pembelajaran ekonomi pada materi inflasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran ekonomi serta kurang bervariasinya penggunaan media pembelajaran oleh guru dalam proses belajar mengajar. TikTok dipilih karena dekat dengan kehidupan siswa dan memiliki potensi sebagai media pembelajaran yang menarik, interaktif, dan mudah diakses.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Post-Test Only Control Group Design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI, dengan sampel kelas XI F sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI H sebagai kelas kontrol, yang masing-masing berjumlah 31 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes pretest dan posttest. Instrumen penelitian diuji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya pembeda. Analisis data meliputi uji normalitas, homogenitas, Independent Sample t-Test, dan N-Gain.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan TikTok berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, rata-rata posttest eksperimen 81,13 dan kontrol 72,74, serta N-Gain 58,88% kategori cukup efektif. Kata kunci: Media pembelajaran, TikTok, hasil belajar, ekonomi, inflasi.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and Minimum Wage on the Farmers' Terms of Trade (FTT) in Indonesia. Changes in regional economic conditions, employment, and wage policies are expected to influence the welfare level of farmers in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on the Farmers' Terms of Trade. This research employed a panel data regression approach. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), consisting of data from 34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2022–2025. Data analysis was carried out using EViews 10 software. The results showed that partially, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) has a positive and significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with a tcount value of 2.267584 and a significance value of 0.0255 < 0.05. The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) does not have a significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with a tcount value of -0.893981 and a significance value of 0.3735 > 0.05. Meanwhile, Minimum Wage has a negative and significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with a tcount value of -3.201590 and a significance value of 0.0018 < 0.05. Simultaneously, GRDP, LFPR, and Minimum Wage have a significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with an Fcount value of 16.04438 and a probability value of 0.000000 < 0.05. The Adjusted R Square value is 0.800472, which means that 80.04% of the variation in the Farmers' Terms of Trade can be explained by GRDP, LFPR, and Minimum Wage, while the remaining 19.96% is influenced by other variables outside the research model. Keywords: Gross Regional Domestic Product, Labor Force Participation Rate, Minimum Wage, Farmers' Terms of Trade   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh PDRB, TPAK) dan Upah Minimum terhadap NTP di Indonesia. Perubahan kondisi ekonomi daerah, ketenagakerjaan, dan kebijakan upah diduga dapat memengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan petani di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh masing-masing variabel independen baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) berupa data 34 provinsi di Indonesia selama periode 2022–2025. Teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi Eviews 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Produk Domestik Regional Bruto berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai thitung sebesar 2.267584 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.0255. Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai thitung sebesar -0.893981 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.3735. Sementara itu, Upah Minimum berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai thitung sebesar -3.201590 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.0018. Secara simultan, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, dan Upah Minimum berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai Fhitung sebesar 16.04438 dan probabilitas sebesar 0.000000. Nilai Adjusted R-Square sebesar 0.800472 menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen dalam penelitian ini mampu menjelaskan variabel dependen sebesar 80,04%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 19,96% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kebijakan upah memiliki pengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan petani yang tercermin melalui Nilai Tukar Petani di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, Upah Minimum, Nilai Tukar Petani, Regresi Data Panel